Performance Summary:

Validation Errors:

•   No Validation Errors Found

Physical Configuration:

Virtual Configuration:

Notes:

Physical System Notes

• The test sponsor attests, as of date of publication, that CVE-2017-5754 (Meltdown) is mitigated in the system as tested and documented:
• Yes: hosts, guests
• The test sponsor attests, as of date of publication, that CVE-2017-5753 (Spectre variant 1) is mitigated in the system as tested and documented:
• Yes: hosts, guests
• The test sponsor attests, as of date of publication, that CVE-2017-5715 (Spectre variant 2) is mitigated in the system as tested and documented:
• Yes: hosts, guests
• The test sponsor attests, as of date of publication, that CVE-2018-3620 and CVE-2018-3646 (Foreshadow) are mitigated in the system as tested and documented:
• Yes: hosts, guests

Storage Notes

• The System Under Test has 2 1.92TB NVMe SSDs configured as one RAID1 arrays in BIOS by Intel(R) Virtual RAID on CPU for the hypervisor OS that was booted.
• The System Under Test has 12 3.2TB NVMe SSDs and 4 3.86TB NVMe SSD configured as one RAID1 arrays in BIOS by Intel(R) Virtual RAID on CPU for vm images and datastores.
• There are total 600 logical volume for vm.

Virtualization Software Notes

• The following kernel boot options were used:
• cgroup_disable=files apparmor=0 crashkernel=256M,low crashkernel=256M,high reserve_kbox_mem=16M crash_kexec_post_notifiers=1 panic=3 fsck.mode=auto fsck.repair=yes softlockup_panic=1 log_nvram_redirect=on add_efi_memmap default_hugepagesz=1G hugepagesz=1G hugepages=3700 audit=0 selinux=0 clocksource=tsc tsc=reliable nohz=on highres=off intel_iommu=on iommu=pt pci=realloc pci=pcie_bus_safe nosoftlockup ipv6.disable=1 intel_idle.max_cstate=1 processor.max_cstate=1 mce=ignore_ce nmi_watchdog=0 nowatchdog quiet showopts rhgb
• The following services were disabled:
• crond firewalld irqbalance kdump multipathd smartd
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.conf:
• fs.aio-max-nr = 1572864
• kernel.perf_event_max_sample_rate = 250
• kernel.sched_rt_runtime_us = 950000
• kernel.numa_balancing = 0
• vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5
• vm.dirty_ratio = 10
• vm.swappiness = 0
• kernel.sched_latency_ns = 24000000
• kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns = 5000000
• kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns = 10000000
• kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns = 15000000
• Network configuration was as follows:
• Ethernet devices ens2f0, ens2f1, ens2f2, ens2f3, ens6f0, ens6f1, ens6f2, ens6f3 were the physical functions that were used by the host to provide physical transport for the virtual functions.
• A script allocates the virtual functions.
• 64 virtual functions were configured for each port.
• All VMs were assigned a VF that is routed to the NUMA node to which the VM's VCPUs were pinned.
• After the system booted, 1GB huge pages were manually allocated on the NUMA nodes. 1850 1GB huge pages were allocated on each NUMA node.
• VM configurations were as follows:
• All VMs were created with qemu.
• App Web and batch VMs were created with the following cmd template:
• cd $DIR && $DIR/vfio-pci-bind.rb $vm_nic && numactl -m $vm_numa_id -N $vm_numa_id /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -machine pc-q35-6.2,accel=kvm,usb=off,vmport=off,dump-guest-core=off -enable-kvm -cpu host,migratable=off,+invtsc,-vmx,+tsc-deadline,pmu=off -smp $vm_vcpu_count -m $vm_memory_size -mem-prealloc -mem-path /dev/hugepages1G -device pcie-root-port,port=0x10,chassis=1,id=pci.1,bus=pcie.0,multifunction=on,addr=0x2 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x11,chassis=2,id=pci.2,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x1 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x12,chassis=3,id=pci.3,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x2 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x13,chassis=4,id=pci.4,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x3 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x14,chassis=5,id=pci.5,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x4 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x15,chassis=6,id=pci.6,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x5 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x16,chassis=7,id=pci.7,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x6 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x17,chassis=8,id=pci.8,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x7 -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.3,drive=hd,write-cache=on,bootindex=1 -drive if=none,id=hd,file=$vm_disk_path,format=raw,cache=none -object rng-random,id=objrng0,filename=/dev/urandom -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=objrng0,id=rng0,bus=pci.7,addr=0x0 -name $vm_name,process=$vm_name,debug-threads=on -device vfio-pci,host=$vm_nic -display none --nic none --rtc base=/"$build_time/" -daemonize -kernel /boot/vmlinuz.guest -initrd /boot/initramfs.guest -append 'root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root resume=/dev/mapper/rhel-swap ro rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=kvm_clock highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet'
• Db, Infra and Mail VMs have this following cmd template for their data disk:
• cd $DIR && $DIR/vfio-pci-bind.rb $vm_nic && numactl -m $vm_numa_id -N $vm_numa_id /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm -machine pc-q35-6.2,accel=kvm,usb=off,vmport=off,dump-guest-core=off -enable-kvm -cpu host,migratable=off,+invtsc,-vmx,+tsc-deadline,pmu=off -smp $vm_vcpu_count -m $vm_memory_size -mem-prealloc -mem-path /dev/hugepages1G -device pcie-root-port,port=0x10,chassis=1,id=pci.1,bus=pcie.0,multifunction=on,addr=0x2 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x11,chassis=2,id=pci.2,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x1 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x12,chassis=3,id=pci.3,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x2 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x13,chassis=4,id=pci.4,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x3 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x14,chassis=5,id=pci.5,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x4 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x15,chassis=6,id=pci.6,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x5 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x16,chassis=7,id=pci.7,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x6 -device pcie-root-port,port=0x17,chassis=8,id=pci.8,bus=pcie.0,addr=0x2.0x7 -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.3,drive=hd,write-cache=on,bootindex=1 -drive if=none,id=hd,file=$vm_disk_path,format=raw,cache=none -device virtio-blk-pci,scsi=off,bus=pci.4,drive=hd2,write-cache=on -drive if=none,id=hd2,file=$vm_disk_data_path format=raw,cache=none -object rng-random,id=objrng0,filename=/dev/urandom -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=objrng0,id=rng0,bus=pci.7,addr=0x0 -name $vm_name,process=$vm_name,debug-threads=on -device vfio-pci,host=$vm_nic -display none --nic none --rtc base=/"$build_time/" -daemonize -kernel /boot/vmlinuz.guest -initrd /boot/initramfs.guest -append 'root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root resume=/dev/mapper/rhel-swap ro rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=kvm_clock highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet'
• VMs were bound to host CPUs via their XML configuration in the following manner:
• All VMs of tiles 01, 02, 03, 04, 09, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 44, 49, 50, 51, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 65, 66, 67, 68, 73, 76, 78, 79 were bound to NUMA node 0.
• All VMs of tiles 05, 06, 07, 08, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77, 80 were bound to NUMA node 1.
• Db VMs of tiles 01, 09, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 65, 73 were bound to node 0
• Db VMs of tiles 05, 13, 21, 29, 37, 45, 53, 61, 69, 77 were bound to node 1
• App VMs were reniced -20.
• Db VMs were reniced -12.
• Web VMs were reniced -8.
• Mail VMs were reniced 19.
• Infra VMs were reniced 19.
• Batch VMs were reniced 19.
• After the system booted, power of CPU was set manually with the command: cpupower frequency-set -g performance.

Web Server VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=kvm_clock highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers atd auditd blk-availability chrony-wait console-getty cpupower crond debug-shell ebtables firewalld gssproxy httpd httpd@ io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate irqbalance iscsid iscsiuio kdump kpatch lvm2-monitor mcelog mdmonitor nfs-blkmap nfs-server nftables nginx php-fpm psacct qemu-guest-agent rdisc rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm rhsmcertd rngd saslauthd serial-getty@ smartd sshd-keygen@ sssd systemd-resolved tcsd
• root file system mount options: defaults,noatime
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 81920
• net.core.net_dev_budget = 3000
• net.core.net_dev_max_backlog = 30000
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
• net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
• net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 4
• net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20000
• net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
• net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1500000
• vm.swappiness = 0
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000
• The php-fpm package was installed. /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf changes:
• user = apache
• group = apache
• pm.max_children = 700
• pm.start_servers = 250
• pm.min_spare_servers = 100
• pm.max_spare_servers = 300
• /etc/nginx/nginx.conf contains:
• user                 apache apache;
• worker_processes     4;
• worker_cpu_affinity  0001 0001 0010 0010;
• worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
• pid         /var/run/nginx.pid;
• events {
•   use                epoll;
•   worker_connections 65535;
•   multi_accept       on;
•   accept_mutex       off;
• }
• http {
•   include            /etc/nginx/mime.types;
•   default_type       application/octet-stream;
•   log_format common '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request'
•                     '"$status" $body_bytes_sent ';
•   access_log         off;
•   sendfile           on;
•   sendfile_max_chunk 1m;
•   tcp_nopush         on;
•   tcp_nodelay        on;
•   keepalive_timeout  120;
•   keepalive_requests 10000;
•   open_file_cache          max=204800 inactive=20s;
•   open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
•   open_file_cache_valid    30s;
•   open_file_cache_errors   on;
•   read_ahead               4096;
•   charset utf-8;
•   server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
•   client_header_buffer_size     2k;
•   large_client_header_buffers   4 4k;
•   include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
• }
• /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf contains:
• upstream fastcgi_backend {
•   server 127.0.0.1:9000;
•   keepalive 128;
• }
• server {
•   listen 80 backlog=81920;
•   server_name  localhost;
•   location / {
•     root   /var/www/html;
•     index  index.html index.htm index.php;
•   }
•   error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
•   location = /50x.html {
•     root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
•   }
•   location = /error.log {
•     root   /var/log/nginx;
•   }
•   location ~ .*/.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
•     root     /var/www/html;
•     expires  100d;
•   }
•   location ~ ^/images/ {
•     root     /var/www/html/support;
•     expires  100d;
•   }
•   location ~ /.php$ {
•     root           html;
•     fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
•     fastcgi_keep_conn on;
•     fastcgi_index  index.php;
•     fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
•     include        fastcgi_params;
•   }
• }
• /etc/nginx/conf.d/ssl.conf contains:
• server {
•   listen       443 ssl backlog=81920;
•   server_name   webserver:443;
•   ssl         on;
•   ssl_certificate      /etc/pki/tls/certs/hostname.crt;
•   ssl_certificate_key  /etc/pki/tls/private/hostname.key;
•   ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
•   ssl_session_timeout  5m;
•   ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
•   ssl_ciphers   ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT:!SSLv2:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW;
•   ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
•   location / {
•     root   /var/www/html;
•     index  index.html index.htm index.php;
•   }
•   location ~ .*/.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
•     root     /var/www/html;
•     expires  100d;
•   }
•   location ~ ^/images/ {
•     root    /var/www/html/support;
•     expires 100d;
•   }
•   location ~ /.php$ {
•     root           html;
•     fastcgi_pass   fastcgi_backend;
•     fastcgi_keep_conn on;
•     fastcgi_index  index.php;
•     fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/html$fastcgi_script_name;
•     include        fastcgi_params;
•   }
• }
• Web VM used NFS to access files from infra VM.
• After the Infra VM was booted and its NFS service was up, the Web VM mounted the NFS file system via test automation software.
• The datastore was mounted on /var/www/html/support/downloads

Application Server VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=kvm_clock highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers blk-availability brltty canberra-system-bootup canberra-system-shutdown-reboot canberra-system-shutdown chrony-wait console-getty cpupower cups-browsed debug-shell dnsmasq ebtables firewalld gssproxy initial-setup-reconfiguration initial-setup io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate iscsid iscsiuio kpatch libvirt-guests ndctl-monitor netcf-transaction nfs-blkmap nfs-server nftables numad ostree-finalize-staged ostree-remount psacct qemu-guest-agent radvd ras-mc-ctl rasdaemon rdisc rdma rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm saslauthd serial-getty@ speech-dispatcherd sshd-keygen@ switcheroo-control systemd-nspawn@ systemd-resolved tcsd upower vmtoolsd-init wpa_supplicant
• root file system mount options: defaults
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 8192
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 500000
• vm.swappiness = 0
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000
• There were two WebSphere profiles, AppSrv01 for SPECjAppServer2004 and AppSrv02 for SPEC Emulator.

Mail Server VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=tsc tsc=reliable highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers atd auditd blk-availability chrony-wait console-getty cpupower crond debug-shell ebtables firewalld io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate irqbalance iscsid iscsiuio kdump kpatch lvm2-monitor mcelog mdmonitor nftables psacct qemu-guest-agent rdisc rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm rhsmcertd rngd serial-getty@ smartd sshd-keygen@ sssd systemd-resolved tcsd
• root file system mount options: defaults,noatime
• Mail storage file system mount options: defaults,noatime,data=writeback
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 8192
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 500000
• vm.swappiness = 0
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000
• The following dovecot.conf was used:
• base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/
• ssl = no
• ssl_cert =
• ssl_key =
• disable_plaintext_auth = no
• listen = *
• log_path = /var/log/dovecot.log
• mail_debug = no
• mail_location = dbox:/mailstore/dovecot/maildir/%u
• mdbox_rotate_size = 8192
• maildir_very_dirty_syncs = yes
• mbox_very_dirty_syncs = yes
• mbox_write_locks = fcntl
• mmap_disable = yes
• mail_fsync = never
• mailbox_list_index = yes
• mailbox_list_index_very_dirty_syncs = yes
• auth_cache_size = 5000
• passdb {
•   args = scheme=plain /etc/dovecot/passwd.dovecot
•   driver = passwd-file
• }
• protocols = imap
• service auth {
•   user = root
• }
• service imap-login {
•   inet_listener imap {
•     port = 143
•   }
•   process_min_avail = 10
•   service_count = 0
• }
• service imap {
•   process_min_avail = 10
• }
• userdb {
•   driver = passwd
• }
• dict {
• }

Database Server VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=mq-deadline clocksource=tsc tsc=reliable highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers atd auditd blk-availability chrony-wait chronyd console-getty cpupower crond debug-shell ebtables firewalld gssproxy io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate irqbalance iscsid iscsiuio kdump kpatch libstoragemgmt mcelog nfs-blkmap nfs-server nftables psacct qemu-guest-agent rdisc rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm rhsmcertd rngd rsyslog serial-getty@ smartd sshd-keygen@ sssd systemd-resolved tcsd
• root file system mount options: defaults,noatime
• Database storage file system mount options: noatime,data=writeback
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.randomize_va_space = 0
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 32384
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1000000
• vm.swappiness = 0
• kernel.shmmax = 137438953472
• kernel.shmmni = 11118096
• kernel.shmall = 8294967296
• kernel.sched_migration_cost_ns = 150000
• kernel.randomize_va_space=0
• vm.nr_hugepages=0
• vm.nr_hugepages=13312
• vm.nr_overcommit_hugepages=512
• The following lines were added to /etc/security/limits.conf:
• db2inst1 soft nofile 1048576
• db2inst1 hard nofile 1048576
• db2inst1 soft nproc 1000000
• db2inst1 hard nproc 1000000
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000
• 13312 2MB huge pages were allocated prior to starting the database instance.
• Database tuning options:
• db2 update db cfg for specdb using DATABASE_MEMORY 6553600
• db2set DB2_LARGE_PAGE_MEM=DB
• db2set DB2_PINNED_BP=ON
• alter bufferpool IBMDEFAULTBP size 5898240
• alter tablespace roll_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace C_cust_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace C_supp_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace C_site_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace C_parts_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace C_custinv_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace M_parts_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace M_bom_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace M_wo_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace M_lo_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace M_inv_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace O_cust_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace O_ords_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace O_ordl_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace O_item_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace S_comp_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace S_sc_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace S_po_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace S_site_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace S_supp_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• alter tablespace U_space NO FILE SYSTEM CACHING
• update database config for specdb using LOGFILSIZ 65536
• update database config for specdb using logprimary 64 logsecond 4

Infraserver VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=tsc tsc=reliable highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers atd auditd blk-availability chrony-wait console-getty cpupower crond debug-shell ebtables firewalld gssproxy httpd@ io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate irqbalance iscsid iscsiuio kdump kpatch lvm2-monitor mcelog mdmonitor nfs-blkmap nftables psacct qemu-guest-agent rdisc rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm rhsmcertd rngd saslauthd serial-getty@ smartd sshd-keygen@ sssd systemd-resolved tcsd
• root file system mount options: defaults
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 81920
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 1500000
• net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
• net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
• net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
• net.ipv4.tcp_timestamp = 0
• net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 4
• net.ipv4.tcp_retries2 = 7
• vm.swappiness = 0
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000
• httpd.conf changes:
• Listen 81
• <IfModule prefork.c>
• StartServers 8
• MinSpareServers 5
• MaxSpareServers 20
• ServerLimit 10240
• MaxClients 10240
• MaxRequestsPerChild 4000
• </IfModule>
• <IfModule worker.c>
• StartServers 2
• MaxClients 150
• MinSpareThreads 25
• MaxSpareThreads 75
• ThreadsPerChild 25
• MaxRequestsPerChild 0
• </IfModule>
• LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so
• ScriptAlias /fcgi-bin/ "/var/www/fcgi-bin/
• FcgidIPCDir /etc/httpd/fcgid
• <Directory "/var/www/fcgi-bin">
•   AllowOverride None
•   Options +ExecCGI -Includes
•   SetHandler fcgid-script
•   Order allow,deny
•   Allow from all
• </Directory>
• AddHandler fcgid-script fcgi
• Standard Linux NFS server was enabled to serve files to the Web VM.
• /etc/exports file contains:
• /home/webfiles/downloads webserver-int(rw,async,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)

Batch Server VM Notes

• The following boot options were used:
• rhgb selinux=0 audit=0 elevator=deadline clocksource=kvm_clock highres=off ipv6.disable=1 nowatchdog intel_idle.max_cstate=0 processor.max_cstate=1 cgroup_disable=memory,cpu,blkio net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 quiet
• The following services were disabled:
• arp-ethers atd auditd blk-availability chrony-wait console-getty cpupower crond debug-shell ebtables firewalld io.podman iprdump iprinit iprupdate irqbalance iscsid iscsiuio kdump kpatch lvm2-monitor mcelog mdmonitor nftables psacct qemu-guest-agent rdisc rhnsd rhsm-facts rhsm rhsmcertd rngd serial-getty@ smartd sshd-keygen@ sssd systemd-resolved tcsd
• root file system mount options: defaults,noatime
• The tuned package was installed and activated with the virtual-guest profile.
• The following items were added in /etc/sysctl.d/sysctl.conf:
• fs.file-max = 500000
• kernel.sched_features = 7275
• net.core.somaxconn = 8192
• net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 500000
• net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1
• net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
• vm.swappiness = 0
• The following commands were run before the benchmark was started:
• ulimit -n 1048576
• ulimit -u 1000000

Client Driver Notes

• Each prime client VM has 8 VCPUs, 16 GB memory, and a 12 GB disk. 1 iavf and 1 virtio_blk device were used in all client VMs.
• All prime client VMs run Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0.

Other Notes

• An external 25Gb Ruijie RG-S6501-48VS8CQ Switch switch was used to connect the client systems to the system under test (SUT).
• The SUT used the two four-port 25Gb PCIe NICs for communication with the VMs.
• The SUT NICs and the external client systems were connected to the switch using 25G SFP28 DAC cables.

Performance Details: